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Adequacy Reference

HSD Category Reference

The complete list of CMS Health Service Delivery (HSD) provider categories used in Medicare Advantage, Medicaid, Exchange, and D-SNP network adequacy reviews — with time/distance standards, LOB requirements, and practical recruiting tips.

24 Provider Categories4 Lines of Business2025 CMS Standards
Showing 24 of 24 categories
Quick guide:Gap Hotspot = commonly cited in CMS gap notices (9 categories)Standards shown as drive time / straight-line distance — plan must meet either threshold

Primary Care

Gap Hotspot
MAMedicaidExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban15 min / 10 mi
Suburban30 min / 20 mi
Rural60 min / 60 mi

Min. providers: 2 per county required, 1 accepting new patients

Recruiting tip: Target FQHCs and rural health clinics in rural counties to satisfy PCP adequacy quickly.

OB/GYN

Gap Hotspot
MAMedicaidExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: OB/GYN shortage counties are common in rural areas — document access exceptions proactively.

Mental Health / Psychiatry

Gap Hotspot
MAMedicaidExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 2 per county

Recruiting tip: Telehealth-enabled psychiatrists can count toward standards in many states — verify current guidance.

Behavioral Health / SUD

Also: Substance Use Disorder, SUD

Gap Hotspot
MAMedicaidExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Opioid treatment programs (OTPs) and MAT providers are highly weighted by CMS reviewers.

Cardiology

MAD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Interventional cardiologists and electrophysiologists count; don't limit to general cardiology.

Dermatology

Gap Hotspot
MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: High shortage specialty — document any access exceptions before submission.

Ear, Nose & Throat / ENT

Also: Otolaryngology

MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Many ENT groups contract as groups — execute one contract to cover multiple counties.

Endocrinology

Gap Hotspot
MAMedicaidExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Critical for D-SNP builds given high diabetes prevalence — prioritize early in the pipeline.

Gastroenterology

MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: GI groups often have exclusive system relationships — identify independent GIs as backup.

General Surgery

MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Hospital-employed surgeons can count if the hospital is in-network — verify credentialing path.

Infectious Disease

MAMedicaidD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Critical for D-SNP networks given HIV/AIDS prevalence — Ryan White clinics are a key source.

Nephrology

MAD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Dialysis centers with affiliated nephrologists satisfy standards and are mission-critical for ESRD members.

Neurology

MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Stroke centers and neurohospitalist groups can count — verify outpatient access documentation.

Oncology — Medical

Also: Medical Oncology, Hematology/Oncology

Gap Hotspot
MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Medical, surgical, and radiation oncology are tracked separately — don't conflate subspecialties.

Ophthalmology

MAD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Distinguish ophthalmologists (MD) from optometrists — CMS counts both but separately for adequacy.

Orthopedics

MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Large orthopedic groups with multiple subspecialties cover the requirement across one contract.

Physical / Occupational Therapy

Also: Rehabilitation, PT, OT

MAMedicaidExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Hospital outpatient PT departments satisfy adequacy in rural counties where independent clinics are scarce.

Podiatry

Gap Hotspot
MAD-SNPMedicaid

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: High shortage specialty in rural areas — file access exceptions for rural counties well in advance.

Pulmonology

MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Sleep medicine and pulmonology are often bundled — verify which subspecialties satisfy standards.

Rheumatology

Gap Hotspot
MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Very high shortage specialty — document access exceptions for rural counties proactively.

Urology

MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Urologists often practice across multiple counties — one contract can cover a wide service area.

Skilled Nursing Facility

Also: SNF

MAMedicaidExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 facility per county

Recruiting tip: SNF adequacy is often the easiest to satisfy — most counties have at least one Medicare-certified SNF.

Home Health Agency

Also: HHA

MAMedicaidExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 agency per county

Recruiting tip: Ensure contracted HHAs are Medicare-certified (MA) or state-licensed (Medicaid) — certification type matters.

Diagnostic Radiology / Imaging

Also: Imaging, Radiology

MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Teleradiology interpretations don't satisfy adequacy — members need physical access to imaging sites.

Time OR Distance

CMS requires plans to meet either the drive-time threshold or the straight-line distance threshold — not both. Blueprint checks both and flags a county adequate if either condition is satisfied.

Access Exceptions

When no providers are available within any threshold, plans may file an access exception backed by documented good-faith recruitment outreach. Blueprint's gap report pre-populates exception templates.

Annual HSD Updates

CMS releases an updated HSD Reference File each October. Blueprint automatically applies new thresholds at the start of each benefit year — no manual updates needed.

Blueprint Analytics

Run adequacy analysis against all 24 HSD categories in Blueprint Analytics.

Blueprint scores your contracted network against every HSD category across all your counties — and surfaces gaps, exception candidates, and recruiting priorities in one unified view.