HSD Category Reference
The complete list of CMS Health Service Delivery (HSD) provider categories used in Medicare Advantage, Medicaid, Exchange, and D-SNP network adequacy reviews — with time/distance standards, LOB requirements, and practical recruiting tips.
Primary Care
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 15 min / 10 mi |
| Suburban | 30 min / 20 mi |
| Rural | 60 min / 60 mi |
Min. providers: 2 per county required, 1 accepting new patients
Recruiting tip: Target FQHCs and rural health clinics in rural counties to satisfy PCP adequacy quickly.
OB/GYN
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: OB/GYN shortage counties are common in rural areas — document access exceptions proactively.
Mental Health / Psychiatry
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 2 per county
Recruiting tip: Telehealth-enabled psychiatrists can count toward standards in many states — verify current guidance.
Behavioral Health / SUD
Also: Substance Use Disorder, SUD
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: Opioid treatment programs (OTPs) and MAT providers are highly weighted by CMS reviewers.
Cardiology
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: Interventional cardiologists and electrophysiologists count; don't limit to general cardiology.
Dermatology
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: High shortage specialty — document any access exceptions before submission.
Ear, Nose & Throat / ENT
Also: Otolaryngology
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: Many ENT groups contract as groups — execute one contract to cover multiple counties.
Endocrinology
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: Critical for D-SNP builds given high diabetes prevalence — prioritize early in the pipeline.
Gastroenterology
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: GI groups often have exclusive system relationships — identify independent GIs as backup.
General Surgery
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: Hospital-employed surgeons can count if the hospital is in-network — verify credentialing path.
Infectious Disease
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: Critical for D-SNP networks given HIV/AIDS prevalence — Ryan White clinics are a key source.
Nephrology
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: Dialysis centers with affiliated nephrologists satisfy standards and are mission-critical for ESRD members.
Neurology
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: Stroke centers and neurohospitalist groups can count — verify outpatient access documentation.
Oncology — Medical
Also: Medical Oncology, Hematology/Oncology
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: Medical, surgical, and radiation oncology are tracked separately — don't conflate subspecialties.
Ophthalmology
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: Distinguish ophthalmologists (MD) from optometrists — CMS counts both but separately for adequacy.
Orthopedics
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: Large orthopedic groups with multiple subspecialties cover the requirement across one contract.
Physical / Occupational Therapy
Also: Rehabilitation, PT, OT
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: Hospital outpatient PT departments satisfy adequacy in rural counties where independent clinics are scarce.
Podiatry
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: High shortage specialty in rural areas — file access exceptions for rural counties well in advance.
Pulmonology
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: Sleep medicine and pulmonology are often bundled — verify which subspecialties satisfy standards.
Rheumatology
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: Very high shortage specialty — document access exceptions for rural counties proactively.
Urology
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: Urologists often practice across multiple counties — one contract can cover a wide service area.
Skilled Nursing Facility
Also: SNF
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 facility per county
Recruiting tip: SNF adequacy is often the easiest to satisfy — most counties have at least one Medicare-certified SNF.
Home Health Agency
Also: HHA
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 agency per county
Recruiting tip: Ensure contracted HHAs are Medicare-certified (MA) or state-licensed (Medicaid) — certification type matters.
Diagnostic Radiology / Imaging
Also: Imaging, Radiology
Time / Distance Standards
| Urban | 30 min / 15 mi |
| Suburban | 45 min / 30 mi |
| Rural | 75 min / 75 mi |
Min. providers: 1 per county
Recruiting tip: Teleradiology interpretations don't satisfy adequacy — members need physical access to imaging sites.
Time OR Distance
CMS requires plans to meet either the drive-time threshold or the straight-line distance threshold — not both. Blueprint checks both and flags a county adequate if either condition is satisfied.
Access Exceptions
When no providers are available within any threshold, plans may file an access exception backed by documented good-faith recruitment outreach. Blueprint's gap report pre-populates exception templates.
Annual HSD Updates
CMS releases an updated HSD Reference File each October. Blueprint automatically applies new thresholds at the start of each benefit year — no manual updates needed.
Run adequacy analysis against all 24 HSD categories in Blueprint Analytics.
Blueprint scores your contracted network against every HSD category across all your counties — and surfaces gaps, exception candidates, and recruiting priorities in one unified view.