Free Network Build Assessment

Take it free
Blueprint
Adequacy Reference

HSD Category Reference

The complete list of CMS Health Service Delivery (HSD) provider categories used in Medicare Advantage, Medicaid, Exchange, and D-SNP network adequacy reviews — with time/distance standards, LOB requirements, and practical recruiting tips.

24 Provider Categories4 Lines of Business2025 CMS Standards
Showing 24 of 24 categories
Quick guide:Gap Hotspot = commonly cited in CMS gap notices (9 categories)Standards shown as drive time / straight-line distance — plan must meet either threshold

Primary Care

Gap Hotspot
MAMedicaidExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban15 min / 10 mi
Suburban30 min / 20 mi
Rural60 min / 60 mi

Min. providers: 2 per county required, 1 accepting new patients

Recruiting tip: Target FQHCs and rural health clinics in rural counties to satisfy PCP adequacy quickly.

OB/GYN

Gap Hotspot
MAMedicaidExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: OB/GYN shortage counties are common in rural areas — document access exceptions proactively.

Mental Health / Psychiatry

Gap Hotspot
MAMedicaidExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 2 per county

Recruiting tip: Telehealth-enabled psychiatrists can count toward standards in many states — verify current guidance.

Behavioral Health / SUD

Also: Substance Use Disorder, SUD

Gap Hotspot
MAMedicaidExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Opioid treatment programs (OTPs) and MAT providers are highly weighted by CMS reviewers.

Cardiology

MAD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Interventional cardiologists and electrophysiologists count; don't limit to general cardiology.

Dermatology

Gap Hotspot
MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: High shortage specialty — document any access exceptions before submission.

Ear, Nose & Throat / ENT

Also: Otolaryngology

MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Many ENT groups contract as groups — execute one contract to cover multiple counties.

Endocrinology

Gap Hotspot
MAMedicaidExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Critical for D-SNP builds given high diabetes prevalence — prioritize early in the pipeline.

Gastroenterology

MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: GI groups often have exclusive system relationships — identify independent GIs as backup.

General Surgery

MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Hospital-employed surgeons can count if the hospital is in-network — verify credentialing path.

Infectious Disease

MAMedicaidD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Critical for D-SNP networks given HIV/AIDS prevalence — Ryan White clinics are a key source.

Nephrology

MAD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Dialysis centers with affiliated nephrologists satisfy standards and are mission-critical for ESRD members.

Neurology

MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Stroke centers and neurohospitalist groups can count — verify outpatient access documentation.

Oncology — Medical

Also: Medical Oncology, Hematology/Oncology

Gap Hotspot
MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Medical, surgical, and radiation oncology are tracked separately — don't conflate subspecialties.

Ophthalmology

MAD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Distinguish ophthalmologists (MD) from optometrists — CMS counts both but separately for adequacy.

Orthopedics

MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Large orthopedic groups with multiple subspecialties cover the requirement across one contract.

Physical / Occupational Therapy

Also: Rehabilitation, PT, OT

MAMedicaidExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Hospital outpatient PT departments satisfy adequacy in rural counties where independent clinics are scarce.

Podiatry

Gap Hotspot
MAD-SNPMedicaid

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: High shortage specialty in rural areas — file access exceptions for rural counties well in advance.

Pulmonology

MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Sleep medicine and pulmonology are often bundled — verify which subspecialties satisfy standards.

Rheumatology

Gap Hotspot
MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Very high shortage specialty — document access exceptions for rural counties proactively.

Urology

MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Urologists often practice across multiple counties — one contract can cover a wide service area.

Skilled Nursing Facility

Also: SNF

MAMedicaidExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 facility per county

Recruiting tip: SNF adequacy is often the easiest to satisfy — most counties have at least one Medicare-certified SNF.

Home Health Agency

Also: HHA

MAMedicaidExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 agency per county

Recruiting tip: Ensure contracted HHAs are Medicare-certified (MA) or state-licensed (Medicaid) — certification type matters.

Diagnostic Radiology / Imaging

Also: Imaging, Radiology

MAExchangeD-SNP

Time / Distance Standards

Urban30 min / 15 mi
Suburban45 min / 30 mi
Rural75 min / 75 mi

Min. providers: 1 per county

Recruiting tip: Teleradiology interpretations don't satisfy adequacy — members need physical access to imaging sites.

Time OR Distance

CMS requires plans to meet either the drive-time threshold or the straight-line distance threshold — not both. Blueprint checks both and flags a county adequate if either condition is satisfied.

Access Exceptions

When no providers are available within any threshold, plans may file an access exception backed by documented good-faith recruitment outreach. Blueprint's gap report pre-populates exception templates.

Annual HSD Updates

CMS releases an updated HSD Reference File each October. Blueprint automatically applies new thresholds at the start of each benefit year — no manual updates needed.

Blueprint Analytics

Run adequacy analysis against all 24 HSD categories in Blueprint Analytics.

Blueprint scores your contracted network against every HSD category across all your counties — and surfaces gaps, exception candidates, and recruiting priorities in one unified view.